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What is Parvovirus?
Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious viral infection that
attacks rapidly dividing cells in the intestine, bone marrow, and
lymph tissues. It has been prevalent world wide since the 1970’s.
The causative organism is similar to the feline distemper virus.
How is it transmitted?
The virus is shed in the feces (stools) of infected dogs.
Transmission occurs when dogs come in contact with the feces from
infected dogs. The virus is very hardy and can survive for long
periods of time in the environment. It can be carried to distant
areas on the feet of dogs and shoes of people that have walked in
contaminated areas.
How does the disease develop?
After localizing in the lymph nodes, the virus spreads throughout
the body. In puppies and dogs of all ages, parvovirus can cause
intestinal infection (enteritis) and suppress the immune system
(affecting the white blood cells) which makes them more susceptible
to secondary infections.
What are the signs of parvovirus infections?
The initial signs may be a sudden onset of depression and lack of
appetite which is followed by vomiting and diarrhea. The diarrhea
usually is watery, bloody and with a rancid odor.
How is parvovirus diagnosed?
Parvovirus is suspected in young dogs with a history of acute
vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Frequently they have not completed
their vaccine series. There is a test that can be done in-house on
infected stool and also a blood count can aid diagnosis.
What is the treatment?
Unless treatment is given, many affected animals will die from
complications of severe dehydration or secondary infections. All
treatments are mainly supportive. They may consist of:
l. Fluids to alleviate dehydration
2. Medications to help control vomiting and diarrhea
3. Antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections
How can the disease be prevented?
Vaccination is the most important method of preventing the spread of
this disease. A series of vaccines should be given to all puppies to
help immunize them against this virus. Your veterinarian can discuss
the vaccine schedule that is best for your dog. If your dog has
parvovirus enteritis, they should be kept isolated from other dogs.
It is important to disinfect the premises with a dilute solution of
Clorox ( l part of Clorox to 30 parts of water).
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